A Field-Programmable Gate Array (FPGA) is a configurable integrated circuit with programmable logic blocks and interconnects, enabling flexible implementation of digital functions. Ideal for prototyping and parallel processing, it balances flexibility and performance in applications like 5G, AI acceleration, and embedded systems, bridging the gap between MCUs and ASICs.

A Digital Signal Processor (DSP) is a specialized microprocessor for real-time signal processing, optimized with MAC units and parallel architecture for high-speed, low-latency tasks in audio, 5G, ADAS, and medical tech. Vendors like TI and ADI drive its use in power-efficient, performance-critical applications.

32bit Microcontronllers/MCU A microcontroller (or MCU for microcontroller unit) is a small computer on a single integrated circuit. In modern terminology, it is similar to, but less sophisticated than, a system on a chip or SoC; an SoC may include a microcontroller as one of its components. A microcontroller contains one or more CPUs (processor cores) along with memory and programmable input/output peripherals. 

It refers to a microcontroller with a data bus width of 8 bits, which integrates modules such as CPU, memory, I/O interface into a single chip to achieve simple control logic. Its core advantages lie in low cost, low power consumption, and low development threshold, making it suitable for scenarios with single functionality and low computational complexity, and forming differentiated complementarity with 16/32-bit MCUs.